Origin of Reports of Ropen Pterosaurs

Perosaur Sketch by Eskin Kuhn
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Where do reports of ropens come from? If anyone believed the bulverism of several online writers—careless critics—in late-2014, I (Jonathan Whitcomb) may appear to be the source of almost all accounts of those long-tailed featherless flying creatures. That would be a distorted view of reality. Let’s begin with a sighting in New Guinea.

July 7th is the birthday of the late Duane Hodgkinson, who probably first reported his “pterodactyl” encounter before I was born. That by itself should demonstrate that those skeptics were off the mark about me: I am not the originator of reports of ropens. I have been more like an investigative reporter, interviewing eyewitnesses and reporting my findings; I have not been a story teller, promoting rumors or the less-credible accounts. I concentrate on the more-credible accounts.

By the way, Hodgkinson would have been ninety yesterday. He passed away last year.

Duane Hodgkinson, of Livingston, Montana - eyewitness of a giant ropen

World War II eyewitness of a huge ropen

A Huge Ropen-Pterodactyl

Two American soldiers, in New Guinea in 1944, were hiking into the jungle west of Finschhafen, when they were shocked to see a huge creature fly into the air, not more than 100 feet from the soldiers. Duane Hodgkinson estimated the tail of the “pterodactyl” was “at least ten or fifteen feet.”

But what caught the attention of Hodgkinson, more than the tail, was the horn-like structure coming out the back of the creature’s head, a long appendage that was parallel to the long neck. That was surely at least part of what caused that soldier to think of the word “pterodactyl.”

After World War II, Hodgkinson became a pilot and he eventually owned a Piper Tri-Pacer. During his interview with the cryptozoologist Garth Guessman, in 2005, he estimated the creature’s wingspan as being similar to that of a Tri-Pacer, meaning about 29 feet. That size may be ridiculed by some skeptics, but other sightings have been reported in the southwest Pacific, and some of the eyewitnesses give even bigger estimates of wingspan.

Two Ropens in Cuba in 1971

I (Jonathan Whitcomb) also did not invent the sighting of Eskin Kuhn, a U.S. Marine who was stationed at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, in 1971. That was three decades before I began writing about such encounters with ropens.

Eskin Kuhn, U. S. Marine at Gitmo, Cuba
Eskin Kuhn at Guantanamo Bay, 1971

The eyewitness at around the time of the sighting in Cuba

I have often written about this encounter in 1971. But I was not the first person to write about the sighting. Some skeptics may assume that because I have written more books and web pages than anyone else, on the subject of modern pterosaurs, that I am the originator of the idea that the ropen is a living pterosaur or that I am behind most of the stories. Not so. I became actively involved in 2003, when I produced a short documentary called Searching for Ropen. Yet others had been investigating sighting reports of these flying creatures years before then.

Long-Tailed Dragons in History

For countless generations, people from around the world have reported flying dragons. By whatever name was used, in various languages, the common word in English was dragon. Only in more recent generations have we come to know of words like pterodactyl or pterosaur. Even more recently the word ropen has become known in the United States.

How deeply has the dragon idea been seated in our human cultures! The concept of a large featherless long-tailed flying creature is ancient. So what’s the difference between the dragon of past generations and the ropen of today? The flying creature that is seen to glow sometimes, as it flies at night, is now called ropen. But the glow is now called bioluminescence, not “fire-breathing.”

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The Ropen as a Rhamphorhynchoid

What is a Rhamphorhynchoid, also called a basal pterosaur? A definition by a non-scientist could be “a long-tailed pterodactyl.” . . . In truth, “science” has never proven that all species of pterosaurs became extinct millions of years ago.

Ropen of Umboi Island, PNG

The ropen sighting  involved seven boys. They ran home in terror after  this sighting. Wesley, the brother of Gideon,   described the ropen to me and I was able to video-  tape his answers. Likewise, another of the witnesses,  Mesa, told me that he saw the ropen at that time.

A Modern Pterosaur Called “Ropen”

“Live Pterosaurs in America” proves this is  not a mystery confined to remote tropical  rain forests in Papua New Guinea. Ropens  continue to shock eyewitnesses around the  world.

Bioluminescent Ropen of Papua New Guinea

A lady describes how the glowing ropen flew over Lab Lab Village (Umboi Island, PNG), one night. (Interview by Carl Baugh, about 1994)

Flying Fox Bat or the Ropens?

And those larger featherless flyers with long tails are also reported to catch fish, making them even  less like fruit bats. Searching for Ropens and Finding God, fourth edition, reveals why the ropen of  Umboi Island, and some other locations, differs from the fruit bats known as flying foxes.

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non-fiction 360-page paperback "Searching for Ropens and Finding God"

Nonfiction cryptid book Searching for Ropens and Finding God

From the Amazon page for this cryptozoology book by Whitcomb:

It soars above disputes about religion, revealing why an official discovery of an extraordinary animal has been delayed for so long. Above all, this explores human experience: eyewitnesses and those who interviewed them.

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New to the Public: Sightings Data for USA

data on living-pterosaur sightings
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I now make my pterosaur-sightings data available to the public, from the compilations leading up to the end of 2012, for the forty-eight contiguous states of the USA, for the more credible reports. Out of the 128 sightings (worldwide) in that compilation, 90 were in the lower-forty-eight states. For details on those sightings in the USA, see these images (Be aware that the first one, with columns B-U, is the only image designating, on the left, the kind of data):

Pterosaur Sightings – columns B through U

(CA, TX, IN, SC, FL, KY, WI, MI, AR, OK, GA, RI, ME, NY, MD, KS)

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Pterosaur Sightings – columns V through AN

(OH, CA, GA, TX, NM, WA, PA, MI, WI)

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Pterosaur Sightings – columns AO through AZ

(TX, CA, KY, AZ, FL, GA)

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Pterosaur Sightings – columns BA through BL

(NY, PA, NJ, GA, MI, NC, OR, WA)

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Pterosaur Sightings – columns BM through BW

(CA, MN, WA, MT, ID, SC, AR, MS, NC, KS)

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Pterosaur Sightings – columns BX through CM

(GA, VA, CA, NC, OK, NY, IL, LA, WA, AL, AZ, FL)

Be aware that five of the above can be understood only by referencing the top one, which contains an explanation in the “A” column for the kind of information: “long tail” (yes of no), length of sighting (in seconds), etc.

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Introduction to the Data on American Pterosaur Sightings

Except for column-A, each column is for a sighting report in the United States of America (NOT including Alaska and Hawaii). Column-A is the type of data, for example row-3 is for the presence or absence of a long tail. Many of the cells are empty, for most eyewitnesses gave limited information on their encounters.

What do I mean by “more credible sightings?” Each sighting report in this compilation (including the 90 here examined) was judged by me to be more than 50% likely to have been an actual encounter with a living pterosaur.

In what state was a particular sighting? Row-44 tells you that, usually in the two-letter abbreviation used by the U.S. Postal Service.

What do I mean by “Non-JDW interviewer?” Row-47 tells who interviewed an eyewitness. I’m JDW (Jonathan David Whitcomb), and “JDW+” means I was one of the interviewers. I interviewed eyewitnesses in at least 64 of the 90 sightings (71%+).

What do I mean by “Concerned of opinions?” Row-24 is for indications of whether or not an eyewitness was worried about what people would think about their reporting a sighting of an apparent “pterodactyl” or “dragon” (by whatever name). For 75 of those 90 reports, I did not get anything recorded in the database, but 14 indicated they were concerned and one indicated no concern. In light of the 14-to-1 ratio, I feel sure that the great majority of the remaining 75 did indeed worry about what other people would think about them.

In What States Were the Sightings?

The following shows how many sightings were in the 33 states involved.

Alabama: 1

Arizona: 2

Arkansas: 2

California: 13

Florida: 3

Georgia: 7

Idaho: 1

Illinois: 1

Indiana: 2

Kansas: 2

Kentucky: 2

Louisiana: 1

Maine: 1

Maryland: 1

Michigan: 2

Minnesota: 1

Mississippi: 1

Missouri: 1

Montana: 1

New Jersey: 2

New Mexico: 2

New York: 5

North Carolina: 4

Ohio: 3

Oklahoma: 2

Oregon: 1

Pennsylvania: 3

Rhode Island: 1

South Carolina: 2

Texas: 10

Virginia: 2

Washington: 6

Wisconsin: 2

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Notice that in the two states with the largest human populations (California and Texas) we have more sightings (13 and 10) than in other states and that these are also the two largest states in land area (48-contiguous states). The third-place award for most sighting reports is Georgia, with seven. This state is average in land area but large in human population, eighth in the United States according to a July-2014 estimate.

Why so Long in Coming?

Why has it taken so long for this pterosaur-sighting data to be made public? I compiled it at the end of 2012 and made certain statistical data available in 2013. But I saw that it would be too easy for many persons to jump to wrong conclusions, if they had all the raw data. At least one or two prospective armchair researchers were actually expecting to learn something about migratory patterns from the many details that I had compiled on encounters with apparent pterosaurs in the forty-eight contiguous states of the USA.

But what can anybody learn about migration patterns from a teenaged girl who throws a few stones over the edge of a cliff, causing a “pterodactyl” to fly off the edge of that cliff and glide away down the river gorge? The direction of flight has no relationship to any migratory pattern, for that flying creature was just trying to avoid getting hit by a flying rock. You might as well take note in which direction a running back is running with a football and try to figure out in what city he’ll be playing the next game, next week.

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Image of the Kinds of Data

feathers, or lack; long tail?; head crest; etc

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Pterosaur Sighting by a Ms Wooten, in South Carolina

Susan Wooten, of Greenville, South Carolina,  was driving from home to Florence (about  1989) when she saw a giant creature glide  over the highway in front of the car. . . . “It looked as big as any car, and had NO  feathers, not like a huge crane or egret”

Pterosaur Sightings in North America

What about sighting reports? Can’t they help us understand migration for these featherless flying creatures? Not likely. Look at a few examples. A teenager and her dad are standing at the top of a cliff as the girl is tossing stones over the edge. A large “pterodactyl” flies off the cliff, just below the humans, soaring out over the river below. The flight direction has nothing to do with any migration . . .

American Pterosaur Sightings (and in Papua New Guinea)

From 2005 until the present, eyewitness reports in the United States have rivaled those in Papua New Guinea. As some Americans learned about the live-pterosaur investigations in the Southwest Pacific, eyewitnesses of similar flying creatures reported encounters to Jonathan Whitcomb; he analyzed the  many accounts and then wrote the non-fiction book Live Pterosaurs in America . . .

California Pterosaur Sightings (Los Angeles)

The sightings were a little over a mile apart, both from drivers on the northbound Interstate-5 Freeway, just east of Griffith Park, near Glendale.

Texas Pterosaurs

What does Texas have to do with extant pterosaurs? A lot. Not only do eyewitnesses report apparent living pterosaurs in Texas, but two Texans are pioneers in this cryptozoological investigation.

Flying Creature in Georgia

This past Wednesday, January 2, 2013, I received an email from an eyewitness in Missouri. The sighting was not old: “about 45 minutes ago.” But the present hot spot for sightings, in the past few weeks of cooler weather, is the state of Georgia, with two sightings in December of 2012.

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Whitcomb's nonfiction book

Cryptozoology book Live Pterosaurs in America

From the back cover of this nonfiction:

The author, Jonathan Whitcomb, the world’s most prolific writer on living pterosaurs, here shares with you years of interviews with Americans who have encountered the rare nocturnal flying creatures whose descriptions make them nothing other than pterosaurs . . .

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The Ropen as a Modern Rhamphorhynchoid

Page 206 of "Reports of Living Pterosaurs in the Southwest Pacific"
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What is a Rhamphorhynchoid, also called a basal pterosaur? A definition by a non-scientist could be “a long-tailed pterodactyl.” Why believe that the cryptid called ropen is a modern version of that kind of pterosaur? It’s not just the long tail on a reportedly featherless flying creature. Sighting reports of apparent “pterodactyls” often have a description of the end of the tail, and a common word used is “diamond.”

In truth, “science” has never proven that all species of pterosaurs became extinct millions of years ago. Let’s look at a few excerpts from two scientific papers about reports of modern pterosaurs.

Scientific Paper by Jonathan Whitcomb

Standard models of evolution assert that all species of dinosaurs and pterosaurs became extinct long ago and that their fossils are evidence for unlimited common ancestry, the extinction of the vast majority of species opening the way for those more fit to survive. . . . [but] investigations of reports of creatures whose descriptions suggest Rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs in remote areas of Papua New Guinea were carried out between 1994 and 2007. . . .

The search for living pterosaurs is cryptozoological. Cryptozoology is the study of “hidden” or “unclassified” zoological species or possible species, especially in the early discovery stages. A number of expeditions in recent years have collected and analyzed eyewitness testimony, primarily in Papua New Guinea . . .

Jonah Jim and Jonathan Ragu, both [natives] of Umboi, made separate sightings in different areas of Umboi. However, both described a glowing, flying creature. When shown many illustrated silhouettes of birds, bats, and pterosaurs, both chose the Sordes Pilosus, a Rhamphorhynchoid pterosaur as best fitting what they had seen (Woetzel-Guessman expedition).

Page 206 of "Reports of Living Pterosaurs in the Southwest Pacific"

From the scientific paper “Reports of Living Pterosaurs in the Southwest Pacific”

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Scientific Paper by David Woetzel

Over the years Biblical scholars have speculated about the nature of the creature described in the Authorized Version as “the fiery flying serpent.” . . . recent cryptozoological research provides new insights into the identification and characteristics of this creature. Moreover interviews and personal observations from a 2004 expedition that I led to Papua New Guinea convinced me that a fiery flying serpent still survives on a remote island there. . . .

Described as a nocturnal creature, the Ropen possesses two leathery wings like a bat with “hands” on each wing, a long tail with a diamond-shaped flange on the end, and a prominent beak. The creature is thought to still inhabit the islands of New Britain and Umboi, located in the Bismarck Archipelago.

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Ropen on Dragon Blog

What is a ropen? A modern flying dragon? Could it be a misidentified flying fox fruit bat? True science requires we be specific: Ask a specific question that gets to a critical point.

A Long-Tailed Rhamphorhynchoid

What are the flying creatures called “ropens” on Umboi Island? . . . The following compilations of many eyewitness  testimonies are taken in the context of a few of the second-hand accounts, with conclusions by  Jonathan David Whitcomb.

Destination Truth Ropen Episode

Josh Gates leads an expedition team into a jungle in Papua New Guinea, as they search for evidence for a modern pterodactyl.

Ropen Bioluminescence in New Guinea

Let’s compare the words of four witnesses: three natives on Umboi Island and one British biologist on the mainland of New Guinea. Each describes flying lights: on two sides of Umboi and on the mainland to the west of Umboi.

Brian Hennessy Sighting of a Ropen

He said that no feathers were discerned by him but he could not be sure: It may have had feathers that he could not distinguish under the conditions of his sighting.

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More Pterosaur Sightings in Mexico

canyon in Chuhuahua, Mexico
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Within the past few weeks, I’ve received two reports of apparent pterosaurs in Mexico, one in the north and one around Mexico City. Both reports were in Spanish. Here’s part of the report from northern Mexico. I wonder if it relates to the Marfa Lights.

Chihuahua, Mexico, Sighting (Spanish)

. . . el motivo de este mensaje es para informar de un avistamiento de un animal . . . lo que he investigando es un ropen o un pterodactido, los hechos ocurrieron hace aproximadamente 10 años, en una presa cerca de mi ciudad, la cual se encuentra en el estado de chihuahua en Mexico . . . . . . ese día nos encontrábamos en ella porque fuimos a pasar el día pescando pero por la descompostura de la lancha mi familia nos dejo en la orilla de la presa a mi primo Daniel y a un señor amigo de mi papa, en ese tiempo yo tenia 15 años y mi primo 14, pasaron las horas y oscureció . . . . . . de pronto escuchamos un fuerte aleteo a lo lejos, lo cual en su momento pensamos que fue el viento . . . cuando de pronto frente a nosotros aproximadamente a 500 metros de distancia sobre el agua, una luz verde fosforescente comenzó a destellar . . . El animal tenia forma de dinosaurio, sin plumas y volaba de una manera extraña, no como un ave, la impression que tuvimos los 3 fue muy grande . . . el animal de pronto dejo de brillar.

Rough English Translation (sighting in Chihuahua)

. . . the reason for this message is to report a sighting of an animal . . . [I wonder if] what I have investigated is a ropen or pterodactyl. It happened about 10 years old at a dam near my city, which is in the state of Chihuahua in Mexico . . . That day we were in it [in or near the water behind the dam] because we went out for the day fishing. But the breakdown of the boat [left] my family . . . on the shore of the dam. My cousin Daniel and a gentleman friend [of?] my father (at that time I was fifteen and my cousin fourteen) spent the hours [in the dark]. . . . suddenly heard a loud flapping in the distance, which, at the time, we [thought] was the wind . . . when suddenly in front of us, about 500 meters away on the water, a phosphorescent green light began to flash . . . The animal was shaped like a dinosaur and featherless, flying in a strange way, not like a bird. The three of us had the impression that it was very large . . . the animal suddenly stopped shining.

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canyon in Chuhuahua, Mexico

Chihuahua, Mexico

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Living Pterosaur in Mexico

A live pterosaur is hardly restricted to the USA. Large flying creatures fly wherever they choose, regardless of political boundaries. With reports of living pterosaurs in Americans states like California, Arizona, Texas, and Arkansas, it is no wonder that people in Mexico also report those same strange featherless “birds.”

Ancient Pterosaur Depictions

“An ancient Mayan relief sculpture of a peculiar bird with reptilian characteristics has been discovered in Totonacapan, in northeastern section of Veracruz, Mexico. José Diaz-Bolio, a Mexican archaeologist-journalist responsible for the discovery, says there is evidence that the serpent-bird sculpture, located in the ruins of Tajín, is not merely the product of Mayan flights of fancy, but a realistic representation of an animal that lived during the period of the ancient Mayans – 1,000 to 5,000 years ago. . . .”

Sightings in Mexico

. . . about one and a half miles away, a huge black bird-like creature came from the more mountainous region to my left, and flew toward the ocean . . . wingspan about equal to the length of the taller palm trees, I thought about 30 to 40 feet. The wings moved very slowly, almost touching on the downward swing . . .

Ropens and Marfa Lights in Texas

Reports of apparent living pterosaurs also come from Mexico and the Cuba. In fact, one sighting was of two   glowing flying pterodactyls seen by two women from a cruise ship in the Caribbean.

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