Jacob Kepas, a Baptist minister and a native of Papua New Guinea, may be the most experienced ropen seeker in his country. But when he was a boy, the glowing creature that he saw fly over his village was not known by his people as “ropen” but as “seklobali.” It would not be the only time in his life that he would see a giant nocturnal flying creature in Papua New Guinea: a pterosaur candidate.

Late in 2006, the American Baptist missionary James Blume, an airplane pilot, took Kepas and American Paul Nation deep into the mountainous interior of the mainland. There, near the village of Tawa, Blume left the two explorers as he flew back. Kepas and Nation talked with the villagers and learned that the local name for the large glowing creature of the night was “indava.”

I have often written about the two indava lights Paul Nation videotaped near the top of a ridge above Tawa Village. Not so often have I written about the daylight sighting of an indava that Jacob Kepas and a local villager observed. It helps verify what local villagers say about the creature.

Paul Nation did not accompany the other two men on this particular daylight hike, but he loaned them his camcorder to. Unfortunately Kepas and the local guide could not get close enough to the sleeping creature that they observed. It appeared to be sleeping on a cliff opposite to the hill that they had climbed. They tried to get a video recording of it but failed, perhaps because of their lack of experience with the camcorder; but it was also just too far away. They reported to Nation that the creature was very large.

During this 2006 expedition, Nation learned from one local villager of another daylight sighting. The man had seen an indava near a river and described the creature in terms of the size of an airplane (Tawa Village is near a small air strip). Nation also learned that indavas sometimes carried away village pigs or children, at some time in the past, but they no longer do so, for the villagers have learned to make noise to scare away the creatures.

Investigators now believe that both the lights videotaped by Nation and the creature observed by Kepas were modern living pterosaurs.

The American cryptozoologist Garth Guessman (lower-left) interviews native Jacob Kepas, with interpretation help from Mary Blume (wife of Jim Blume). This interview was in 2004, just before the Woetzel-Guessman-Kepas expedition on Umboi Island. Kepas tells of his sighting when he was a boy.

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How do we know that modern pterosaurs, at least some of them, are bioluminescent? Some eyewitnesses see glowing “pterodactyls” or a large or giant flying object that shines where large or giant pterosaurs have been seen to fly. No biology textbook explains anything about pterosaur bioluminescence, at least not yet; but my associates and I believe the day will come when biology textbooks will include that subject. Future discoveries may reveal something about the biological chemistry involved, for it may differ from the bioluminescent of other organisms such as fireflies.

Let’s look at some resources on bioluminescent pterosaurs.

British Biologist Observes Strange Lights

Evelyn Cheesman, a British entomologist, long ago observed strange flying lights deep in the mainland of what is now the nation of Papua New Guinea; just south of that location, in 2006, Paul Nation, of Texas, observed similar lights (called by the local natives “indava”). When native eyewitnesses observe the indavas in daylight, they see large winged-creatures; one native described the size in terms of an airplane . . .

Ropen Bioluminescence

On Umboi Island (Morobe Province), the ropen has a 5-6-second bioluminescent glow that the natives see when the creature is about one hundred meters above the ground (although villagers sometimes see it over a reef).

Marfa Lights Explained

In various parts of the United States, strange flying lights have been observed. Also in various states, apparent living pterosaurs have been observed to fly overhead, very much nonextinct. Less well known, and rarely referred to by the major media (if at all), on occasion, an eyewitness will report a flying pterosaur that glows.

Marfa Lights and Glowing Pterosaurs

This introduces the findings of James Bunnell, regarding the earth’s magnetosphere and solar halos: There is no relationship between years of recordings of major solar eruptions and sightings of valid Marfa Lights.

Bunnell recognized that problem but still hoped that the elongated magnetosphere on the night side might still have some relationship to the only-nocturnal ML’s. We need to remember that Mr. Bunnell is a rocket scientist (literally); he is not a biologist. In addition, he probably has had little or no exposure to eyewitness reports of glowing pterosaurs living in North America and in other parts of the world . . .

Marfa Lights and Min Mins

Much of this may seem a off topic, glowing barn owls as “ghost lights,” but it makes clear the distinction between the flights of bioluminescent owls and ropen-like flying lights.

The dance patterns of Marfa Lights resemble no flock of hunting barn owls. No, our old friend Tyto Alba cannot compete here and it dare not try. But it has illuminated part of the answer to the puzzle. The predators of Southern Texas show greater intelligence than most birds and some of them may be larger than any owl. This cryptid may be related to the ropen of Papua New Guinea (another nocturnal glowing flyer). If so, it will make a story more extraordinary than any headless ghost. Eyewitnesses describe the ropen like a giant long-tailed pterosaur.

Video Footage of 2006 Indava Lights

Late in 2006, Paul Nation, of Texas, was exploring deep in the mainland of Papua New Guinea, around Tawa Village, searching for the indava, a nocturnal flying creature described in ways suggesting it was like the ropen. He had several sightings and videotaped two of the glowing objects before they flew away from the top of a nearby mountain ridge.

After Paul Nation’s return to the United States, I interviewed him in his home in Granbury, Texas. He gave me a digital copy of the video of the two indava lights, which I later sent to Cliff Paiva, a missile defense physicist. Paiva analyzed the video and found those lights to be extraordinary: not from meteors, airplane lights, camp fires, car headlights, etc. This cleared the way for bioluminescence as a plausible cause for those two lights.

“Absence of Fire, Meteor, and Hoax”

“Image Processing of Paul Nation Video” (continued)

This part of the analysis showed that neither fire nor meteor is likely. Cliff Paiva reported:

Plate 24 A shows in 2D neither combustion plumes (smoke) nor ionized wake trails from meteor, atmospheric penetration. Confirmation is further elaborated in the 3D representation of Plate 24 A in Plate 24 B. Some background emission is present in Plate 24 B’s bottom pixel area. This frame has been extracted at 10 seconds.  Conclusion: Neither fire nor vapor trails are present in the Paul Nation video.

The absence in these plates of pixel intensity blur does not insure the very low spatial frequency presence of combustion plumes or meteor ionization trails, however the frames do indicate a high probability of such absence.  Also apparent in Plate 24 B is the transient intensity increase at the base of the primary intensity spike. In this regard, Plate 28 B further establishes that an addition to the original frame has not taken place.  In effect no image-insertion “pasting” has occurred, and therefore the Paul Nation video is not a result of fabrication.

In addition, this ropen.com page (right-column explanation) includes:

Mr. Paiva also found that Plate 24-B shows that no image-pasting hoax created the two lights. In other words, Paul Nation videotaped these two lights; they were not created separately and then inserted onto the background.

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Did you know that living pterosaurs have been reported in North America, even in the United States? Read the many eyewitness sighting reports  by purchasing your own copy of this amazing nonfiction book: on Amazon or from the publisher—Live Pterosaurs in America.

The video footage obtained by Paul Nation, (late-2006 expedition, Papua New Guinea) was analyzed by the physicist Cliff Paiva (BSM Associates, California). The mountains where Nation observed the indava lights was just a little south of where Evelyn Cheesman had observed similar strange lights decades earlier.

From page four (Whitcomb’s explanation for technical details of the Paiva report, excerpts on ropens.com site):

Casual observation of Paul Nation’s video seems to show that the lower-left light fades out while the upper-right light is still glowing brightly. Paiva’s analysis shows that the lower “target” does not completely cease glowing but continues a low-intensity emission eight seconds from the beginning of the video recording.

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Did you know that living pterosaurs are also reported in the United States? Read about it in the nonfiction book “Live Pterosaurs in America,” available on Amazon.  (Your purchase shall then support these living-pterosaur investigations; thank you.)